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Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

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Empirical Analysis and Layer Responses

Standard deviations of layer responses on CIFAR-10

Standard deviations of layer responses on CIFAR-10

An analysis of the standard deviations (std) of layer responses on CIFAR-10 is presented in Figure 7. The responses are measured at the outputs of each 3×33\times3 layer, after Batch Normalization (BN) and before the nonlinearity. The results show that residual networks (ResNets) generally have smaller response standard deviations compared to their plain counterparts, supporting the hypothesis that residual functions are closer to zero than non-residual functions.

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S4.F7

Figure 7: Standard deviations (std) of layer responses on CIFAR-10. The responses are the outputs of each 3×\times3 layer, after BN and before nonlinearity. Top: the layers are shown in their original order. Bottom: the responses are ranked in descending order.
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MeasureValue
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S4.F7

Figure 7: Standard deviations (std) of layer responses on CIFAR-10. The responses are the outputs of each 3×\times3 layer, after BN and before nonlinearity. Top: the layers are shown in their original order. Bottom: the responses are ranked in descending order.